Dissolved surface active species, or surfactants, have a tendency to partition to solution surface and thereby decrease solution surface tension.Activating cloud droplets have large surface-to-volume ratios, and the amount of surfactant molecules in them is limited.Therefore, unlike with macroscopic solutions, partitioning to the surface can effect

Abstract We introduce a family of membrane-targeted azobenzenes (MTs) with a push-pull character as a new tool for cell stimulation.These molecules are water soluble and spontaneously partition in the cell membrane.Upon light irradiation, they isomerize from trans to cis, changing the local charge distribution and thus stimulating the Wine copyrigh

Avian brood parasitism is a unique reproductive behavior in which parasitic birds depend on other species to incubate their eggs and raise their offspring.In China, there are 20 species of cuckoos in the family Cuculidae, order Cuculiformes, of which 17 species are parasitic cuckoos.This makes China one of the countries with the largest number of p

Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) plates were friction-stir welded (FSWed) using a welding tool with a tungsten carbide (WC) pin.The bead-on-plate technique was applied to reduce the effects of welding defects, such as incomplete penetration.An X-ray inspection and fractography showed that the FSWed material was free of defects and of WC particles